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Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection – details and sources
This html document contains supplementary details and source information to the paper "Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection" by G. Arnqvist, 1998 (Nature 393, 784-786). The contents are the following:
(1) Table with detailed information on species and traits included in the contrasts
(2) Supplementary list of references
(3) Acknowledgements
(1) Detailed information on species and traits included in the contrasts
Contrast |
Order |
Polyandrous family |
Polyandrous genus & species |
Monandrous family |
Monandrous genus & species |
Genital trait |
General trait |
A |
Ephemeroptera |
Siphlonuridae |
Siphlonurus aestivalis S. alternatus S. armatus S. lacustris |
Caenidae |
Caenis horaria C. lactea C. luctuosa C. rivulorum |
Penis lobes |
Tergum of abdominal segment 10 |
B |
Lepidoptera |
Pieridae |
Pieris brassicae P. napi P. rapae |
Satyridae |
Lasiommata maera L. megera L. petropolitana |
Genital valve |
Wings |
C |
Lepidoptera |
Pieridae |
Colias hecla C. hyale C. nastes C. palaeno |
Satyridae |
Coenonympha arcania C. hero C. pamphilus C. tullia |
Genital valve |
Wings |
D |
Lepidoptera |
Nymphalidae |
Eueides aliphera E. eanes E. lybia E. tales |
Nymphalidae |
Eueides emsleyi E. lineatus E. pavana E. vibilia |
Genital valve |
Wings |
E |
Lepidoptera |
Nymphalidae |
Heliconius astraea H. besckei H. burneyi H. cydno H. egeria H. elevatus H. ethilla H. hecale H. ismenius H. melpomene H. nattereri H. numata H. pardalinus H. wallacei |
Nymphalidae |
Heliconius antiochus H. clysonymus H. charitonia H. demeter H. eleuchia H. erato H. hecalesia H. hermathena H. hortense H. ricini H. sapho H. sara H. telesiphe |
Genital valve |
Wings |
F |
Lepidoptera |
Tortricidae |
Chosistoneura lafauryana C. muriana C. diversana C. sorbiana |
Tortricidae |
Epiphyas postvittana E. xylodes E. eucyrta E. liadelpha |
Aedeagus |
- † |
G |
Lepidoptera |
Noctuidae |
Euoxa auxillaris E. plagigera E. catenula E. satis E. atristrigata |
Psychidae |
Deborrea malgassa D. humberti D. cambouei D. griveaudi D. robertsoni |
Aedeagus |
Wings |
H |
Lepidoptera |
Noctuidae |
Helicoverpa zea H. confusa H. minuta H. pacifica H. assulta H. toddi H. fletcheri H. tibetensis |
Psychidae |
Cryptothelea nigrita C. macleayi * C. watsoni C. gloverii C. surimanensis C. congregata * C. symmicta |
Genital valve |
Wings |
I |
Lepidoptera |
Noctuidae |
Heliothis flavirufa H. metachrisea * H. nubigera * H. oregonica H. peltigera * H. feildi * H. molochitina * H. virescens H. galathae * |
Psychidae |
Oiketicus bergii * O. specter * O. zihuatanejensis O. geyeri O. kirbyi O. toumeyi * O. townsendi * O. platensis * O. abbotii * |
Genital valve |
Fore femur |
J |
Diptera |
Dryomyzidae |
Dryomyza anilis D. bergi D. flaveola D. formosa D. puellaris D. setosa D. simplex |
Calliphoridae |
Lucilia ampullacea L. bofonivora L. caesar L. magnicornis L. illustris L. regalis L. richardsi L. sericata L. silvarum |
Aedeagus |
- † |
K |
Diptera |
Drosophilidae |
Drosophila disticha D. basimacula D. quasianomalipes D. mimica D. olaae D. scolostoma D. hirticoxa D. petalopeza D. fungicola D. incompleta D. parva D. villosipedis D. pilimana D. engyochracea D. grimshawi D. crusigera D. adiastola D. punalua D. picticornis D. nasalis D. crassifemur D. species X D. ochracea |
Culicidae |
Anopheles solomonis A. nataliae A. lungae A. koliensis A. punctula A. farauti A. minimus A. tesselatus A. bengalensis A. omorii A. lindesayii A. koreicus A. saperoi A. sinensis A. barberi A. earlei A. freeborni A. punctipennis A. quadrimaculatus A. walkeri A. algeriensis A. plumbeus A. claviger A. marteri A. maculipennis A. hyrcanus A. pulcherrimus A. superpictus |
Aedeagus |
- † |
L |
Diptera |
Tephritidae |
Rhagoletis pomonella R. zephyria R. mendax R. cornivora R. suaris R. completa R. boycei R. juglandis R. zoqui R. tabellaria R. juniperina R. persimilis R. ebbettsi ** R. ribicola R. berberis R. cingulata R. indifferens R. osmanthi R. chionanthi R. alternata ** R. striatella R. fausta R. cerasi R. basiola |
Tephritidae |
Bactrocera cucurbitae B. correcta B. zonata B. dorsalis B. latifrons ** B. tryoni ** B. diversus * B. caudatus * B. scutellaris * |
Aedeagus |
Wings |
M |
Diptera |
Anthomyiidae |
Coenosia basalis C. rufitibia C. calopyga C. ovata C. major C. tigrina C. humilis C. laeta C. mollicula C. nigritarsis |
Anthomyiidae |
Delia lupini D. concorda D. inconspicua D. pilifemur D. fennica D. deviata D. bucculenta D. xanthobasis D. disrupta D. integralis D. augusta |
Aedeagus (distiphallus) |
- † |
N |
Diptera |
Cecidomyiidae |
Rhopalomyia pomum R. brevibulla R. hirtibulla R. tumidibulla R. ampullaria R. gossypina R. cramboides R. anthoides R. medusirrasa R. hirticaulis R. obovata R. chrysanthemi R. subhumilis |
Cecidomyiidae |
Mayetiola culacera M. phalaris M. hellwigi M. schoberi M. hordei M. destructor M. ammophilae |
Telomeres |
- † |
O |
Diptera |
Chironomidae |
Stictochironomus naevus S. maculipennis * S. rosenschoeldi * S. sticticus * S. crassiforceps S. pictulus * |
Chironomidae |
Clunio marshalli C. schmitti C. brevis C. marinus C. littoralis ** C. vagans ** |
Parameres |
Wings |
P |
Diptera |
Chironomidae |
Chironomus obtusidens C. inermifrons C. species a C. anthracinus C. prasinus C. annularis C. cingulatus C. venustus C. longistylus C. dorsalis C. pilicornis C. plumosus C. salinarius C. aprilinius C. luridius C. lugubris C. riparius |
Chironomidae |
Pontomyia pacifica P. oceana P. natans P. cottoni |
Aedeagus (dorsal lobe - median volsella) |
- † |
Q |
Coleoptera |
Anobiidae |
Ernobius laticollis * E. freudei * E. nigrinus E. longicornis E. abietinus E. angusticollis E. abietis E. mollis E. pini * E. mulsantianus E. explanatus E. kiesenwetteri * E. phobos * E. gigas * E. parens * E. jaroslavi * |
Anobiidae |
Xestobium plumbeum X. rufovillosum X. austriacum * |
Aedegus (medial lobe) |
Pronotum |
R |
Coleoptera |
Elateridae |
Agriotes sputator A. insanus A. pubescens A. belfragei A. mancus A. lineatus |
Elateridae |
Ctenicera aeripennis C. appropinquans C. montanus C. carbo C. pruinius |
Aedegus (lateral lobe) |
- † |
S |
Coleoptera |
Dermestidae |
Dermestes ater D. leechi D. haemorrhoidalis D. peruvianus |
Dermestidae |
Trogoderma granarium T. inclusum T. glabrum T. variabile T. grassmani T. ornatum T. sternale T. primum T. bactrianum |
Aedegus (medial lobe) |
Elytra (left) |
* Only illustrations of genitalia available ** Only illustrations of general trait available † No comparable illustrations available |
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(3) Acknowledgements
This study would not have been possible without the generous help of a large number of colleagues with expert knowledge on the taxa included in the study. I wish to express my sincerest gratitude to the following scholars, for sharing their knowledge and experience with me (letter within brackets refers to contrast in the table above): Ahola, M. (matti@mahola.pp.fi) (G, H), Aluja, M. (alujam@sun.ieco.conacyt.mx) (L), Anweiler, G. (gganweiler@aol.com) (H), Armitage, P. (pdar@wpo.nerc.ac.uk) (O, P), Banks, J. (jb@ento.csiro.au) (S), Becker, E. C. (R), Brewer, W. (wbrewer@acesag.auburn.edu) (N), Brittain, J. E. (j.e.brittain@toyen.uio.no) (A), Burkholder, W. (burkhold@plantpath.wisc.edu) (M), Delettre, Y. R. (yannick.delettre@univ-rennes1.fr) (P), Fields, P. (pfields@em.agr.ca) (S), Frederickson, C. (cfrederi@guate.net) (K), Gagné, R. (rgagne@sel.barc.usda.gov) (N), Gorham, J. R. (jrgorham@ix.netcom.com) (K), Hendrichs, J. (hendrich@ripo1.iaea.or.at) (L), Horak, M. (marianne@ento.csiro.au) (F), Iwahashi, O. (oiwahash@agr.u-ryukyu.ac.jp) (L), Jessup, A. (andrew_jessup_at_gosford@smtpgwy.agric.nsw.gov.au) (L), Johnson, P. J. (johnsonp@mg.sdstate.edu) (R), Koella, J. (koella@aau.dk) (K), Kon, M. (kon@ses.usp.ac.jp) (P), Kondratieff, B. C. (bkondrat@ceres.agsci.colostate.edu) (A), Kuvangkadilok, C. (scckv@mahidol.ac.th) (O, P), McCafferty, P. (pat_mccafferty@entm.purdue.edu) (A), Miyatake, T. (miyatake@nousi.pref.okinawa.jp) (L), Nylin, S. (snylin@zoologi.su.se) (B, C), Opp, S. (sopp@gauss.sci.csuhayward.edu) (L), Papaj, D. R. (papaj@ccit.arizona.edu) (L), Pape, T. (thomas.pape@nrm.se) (J), Petterson, R. (roger.pettersson@szooek.slu.se) (F, Q), Plant, C. (colinwplant@compuserve.com) (G, H), Prokopy, R. (prokopy@ent.umass.edu) (L), Rees, D. (david.rees@spider.ento.csiro.au) (M), Reinhardt, K. (b5klre@rz.uni-jena.de) (O, P), Robinson, J. (robinson@albert.uta.edu), Rohfritsch, O. (odette.rohfritsch@ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr) (N), Roskam, H. C. (roskam@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl) (N), Shelly, T. (tshelly@acpub.duke.edu) (L), Shorthouse, J. D. (jshortho@nickel.laurentian.ca) (M), Skuhrava, M. (vanecek@tsoft.cz) (N), Skuhravy, V. (vanecek@tsoft.cz) (N), Spielman, A. (aspielma@sph.harvard.edu) (K), Strang, T. (tom_strang@pch.gc.ca) (M), Subramanyam, B. (subra001@maroon.tc.unm.edu) (M), Svensson, B.-G. (Bo-G.Svensson@zoologi.uu.se), Sylvén, E. (thomas.pape@nrm.se) (N), Szito, A. (AndrasS@apb.agric.wa.gov.au) (M), Watson, P. J. (pwatson@mail.umu.edu) (N), Wiklund, C. (Christer.Wiklund@zoologi.su.se) (B, C), Zettler, L. (lzettler@qnet.net) (M), and Zloty, J. (jzloty@acs.ucalgary.ca) (A).